Gender Inequality in Literature - 1223 Words

Gender Inequality in Literature Gender equality, men and women having the same rights and obligations, and everyone having the same opportunities in society, has been a topic of discussion for many centuries (Dorious and Firebaugh). Women have used literature as a voice to defend their gender equality rights. Female authors have tried to achieve extraordinary success in literature while functioning in a culture that frowned upon female literary desire. Men greatly dominate the profession (Dorious and Firebaugh). Until well into the nineteenth century, it was common for both male and female writers to publish under a pseudonym. Fiction was a genre that was frequently published anonymously. Fiction was considered a low genre of literature leading many authors to detach his or her name from the piece of fiction. For women especially, the cloak of anonymity was particularly essential (Dorious and Firebaugh). Female proclamation and self-revelation were viewed as unwomanly. Therefore, wri ting under the identity of a man would protect a woman from the criticism for having â€Å"unladylike thoughts†. The male alias could potentially increase a female’s chances of receiving an unprejudiced review. Throughout history, women have had a weak voice in the literary world due to fear of the power women had and the lack of respect for females. The first women’s rights convention was organized by 68 women and 32 men in 1848. As a result, a document titled â€Å"The Declaration of Sentiments† wasShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality in Literature Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesGender equality, men and women having the same rights and obligations, and everyone having the same opportunities in society, has been a topic of discussion for man and women for centuries (Dorious and Firebaugh). For many centuries, women have used literature as a voice used to defend their rights as women. Female authors achieved extraordinary success in literature functioning in a culture that frowned upon female literary desire but men still dominated the profession (Dorious and Firebaugh). UntilRead MoreMod B: Critical Study Essay- speeches (Lessing + Atwood)1035 Words   |  5 Pagesfocused her speech on the relationship between education and poverty and as such, conveyed education as the means to escape poverty. Atwood’s orati on was delivered to a well-read audience and draws attention to gender inequality by examining the unfair representation of women in literature. The worth of Lessing’s speech lies in her ability to evoke a response to world poverty, from her audience, through her emotionally gripping use of rhetoric. The euphemistic allusion to the Nobel prizes in â€Å"I don’tRead MoreGender Inequality in Womens Rugby1181 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction As the nation’s gender inequality continues to diminish, things like sports stereotypes, and labour force conflict cannot be understood without understanding the term of identity. Identity work is explained by Schwalbe and Mason-Schrock in 1996 as â€Å"anything people do, individually or collectively, to give meaning to themselves or others† (as cited in Ezzell, 2009, p. 1). I propose to examine inequality based on gender identity and in depth the process of stereotype issues, - how peopleRead MoreIdentity in the Workplace Creates Gender Inequality801 Words   |  3 PagesAs the nation’s gender inequality continues to diminish, things like sports stereotypes, and labour force conflict cannot be understood without understanding the term of identity. Identity work is explained by Schwalbe and Mason-Schrock in 1996 as â€Å"anything people do, individually or collectively, to give meaning to themselves or others† (as cited in Ezzell, 2009, p. 1). I propos e to examine inequality based on gender identity and in depth the process of stereotype issues, - how people constructRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Workplace1356 Words   |  6 Pages2.1 Introduction For many decades now it has been said that there has been inequality in the workplace, it has been a major issue in the workplace in terms of women not being allowed to have certain jobs as well as in terms of women not being promoted within the workplace which all contributes to women being paid less than men. According to Ryan and Branscombe (2013), gender discrimination has been defined as the differential treatment members of one group receive compared to another by many socialRead MoreEducation Is Not An Equal Opportunity For Everyone1473 Words   |  6 PagesAdrienne Rich’s essay, â€Å"Taking Women Students Seriously†, she speaks of the inequality mainly affecting women while subtly hinting at the inequality present in education in regards to race and class. Gender, race and class are three characteristics that work together to create either a positive or negative profile for one’s education. When delving into the content of Rich’s essay, the author clearly indicates her focus on the gender imbalance in education and how that impacts the lives of women. Women’sRead MoreWhy Education Is Not An Equal Opportunity For Everyone1259 Words   |  6 PagesAdrienne Rich’s essay, Taking Women Students Seriously, she speaks of the inequality mainly affecting women while subtly hinting at the inequality present in education in regards to race and class. Gender, race and class are three characteristics that work together to create either a positive or negative profile for one’s education. When delving into the content of Rich’s essay, the author clearly indicates her focus on the gender imbalance in education and how that impacts the lives of women. Women’sRead MoreRacial Gap And Social Mobility1139 Words   |  5 Pagesincome distribution by race. A society can be in a position of high absolute mobility and also low relative mobility. The availability of at least some social mobility is key in providing conduits to greater equality in societies with high social inequality. Social mobility however can typically be hypothesized in terms of its direction and distance based on the quantity of the movement. There is complexity in trying to analyze the different rates that constitute the mobility structure of a societyRead More Medea and Lysistrata Essay552 Words   |  3 PagesLysistrata Medea and Lysistrata are two Greek literatures that depict the power which women are driven to achieve in an aim to defy gender inequality. In The Medea, Medea is battling against her husband Jason whom she hates. On the other hand, in Aristophanes Lysistrata, the protagonist Lysistrata plotted to convince and organize the female gender to protest against the stubbornness of men. In terms of defining the purpose of these two literatures, it is apparent that Euripedes and AristophanesRead MoreThe Multifaceted State Of South Africa Underwent Vast Reconstruction1518 Words   |  7 Pageshistorical disadvantages coupled with the gendered inequality and environment of economic turbulence exasperated the poverty of women in South Africa due to the conflicting multidimensional responsibility women faced, a lack of representation in the political and economic market as well as lack of access to essential social services and land within the region. Literature Review A major understanding that was found throughout the scholarly literature associated with the phenomenon of women’s poverty

Essay about Christendom and The Song of Roland - 1119 Words

The Song of Roland is the oldest epic poem in French, written by an anonymous poet, composed in between late eleven century to twelfth century. This epic poetry holds an important place in the history of France and invention of Christendom. The Song of Roland is a cultural artifact that takes us to the journey of Medieval Europe, when religion becomes an important element for the formation of proto-Europe. Religion plays a crucial role in The Song of Roland and becomes the reason of criticism. Some readers might take this poem as a religious text, whereas, for some reader it is a fictional literary work and contain ideological perspective. The Song of Roland cannot be consider as a religious text, however, the poet uses religion for†¦show more content†¦The time, when The Song of Roland was composed, is the era of creating national identity for diverse kingdoms to unite and form a harmonious cultural area. To recognize the â€Å"self† it becomes important to separates the â€Å"other† in terms of race, religion and culture. For The Song of Roland, religion is selected to separate â€Å"others†. The misrepresentation of Muslims as pagans can be found throughout the poem, which helps Christians to recognize themselves righteous and superior to Muslims. Davies Norman quotes T.S. Eliot in Europe: A History, â€Å"The dominant feature in creating a common culture†¦is religion†¦ I am talking about the common tradition of Christianity which has made Europe.† (Norman qtd. Eliot 9). Eliot emphasizes the importance of Christianity for Europe. Christianity become a symbol for medieval Europe and gives a label of â€Å"Christendom† to the nation. The self-recognition by separating others continues. In thirteen and fourteenth century, Christians gain prejudice by persecuting and demonizing Jews. George M. Frederickson quotes Joshua Trachtenberg in Religion and Invention of Racism, â€Å"Not being a human being but a demonic, a diabolic beast fighting the forces of truth†¦was the Jew as medieval Europe saw him.† (Frederickson 21). Followed by Dante Alighieri illustration of Hell (Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio) and Paradise (Paradiso) in The Divine Comedy in 1321, where Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was placed inShow MoreRelatedWhat Is The Theme Of The Song Of Roland1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Song of Roland is the foundation of the French literary tradition. One of the earliest poems written in French, it describes the process by which France left behind its Germanic past as a loose confederation of powerful families and accepted its future as a Christian nation united by loyalties to king and country. T his story is told as a clash of powerful personalities who are together engaged in a holy war against the Muslims in Spain. Unfortunately, the role of ignorance and jealousy combiningRead MoreLegitimacy Of Charlemagne And Charles The Great1449 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Franks, the Defender of Christendom, the Emperor of Rome, and he was even said to be the Father of Europe. However, the question is which factor made it possible in order to justify his rule. Many historians say that the most important factor was only the fact that he was a great military leader, however, his heredity as well as the fact that he was a great military leader who also used his military to spread Christianity, being he was the Defender of Christendom, both played great part in legitimizingRead MoreLa Chanson De Roland, And The Song Of Roland1802 Words   |  8 PagesLa Chanson de Roland, or The Song of Roland, is the oldest surviving French poem. It is also the oldest and greatest of the chansons de gest e, medieval epic poems written in French. In old French, geste means a deed or action, often of heroic proportions. A hundred or so of these epic poems survive, dating from around the year 1100 to the late fourteenth century. In their time, they were exceedingly popular. Although we know neither the identity of The Song of Roland s composer nor the date ofRead MoreThe History of Arianism Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pagesverse of his major work, the Thalia. It was widely spread by popular songs written for laborers and travelers. He started off as a priest in Alexandria, where he tried to teach his beliefs but was shortly exonerated locally from his community for teaching Arianism (Arius). After being condemned and deprived of his office Arius fled to Palestine and spread his doctrine there among the masses through his poetry and popular songs. He also had some help spreading his teachings through influential leadersRead More Humanities in the Early, High And Late Middle Ages Essay2132 Words   |  9 Pages Fiero (2002) states Germanic traditions, including those of personal valor and heroism associated with a warring culture, are reflected in the epic poems of the Early Middle Ages. The three most famous of these, Beowulf, The Song of the Nibelungen, and the Song of Roland, were transmitted orally for hundreds of years before they were written down sometime between the tenth and thirteenth centuries. (p.71) Although this age had a brief renaissance, the Early Middle Ages was a shadow of the greatRead MoreEssay about Humanities in the Early, High and Late Middle Ages2248 Words   |  9 PagesFiero (2002) states Germanic traditions, including those of personal valor and heroism associated with a warring culture, are reflected in the epic poems of the Early Middle Ages. The three most famous of these, Beowulf, The Song of the Nibelungen, and the Song of Roland, were transmitted orally for hundreds of years before they were written down sometime between the tenth and thirteenth centuries. (p.71) Although this age had a brief renaissance, the Early Middle Ages was a shadow of the greatRead MoreFeudalism2848 Words   |  12 Pagesthe guy at the top-even smaller and smaller units. With this increase in decentralization, or weakening of central power in Europe†¦ For a while, the Eastern emperor was the only person that even looked like a ruler to many members of Latin Christendom, and they did exercise some power over the folks in the west. But even that was on the wane. In 660, Constantine II visited Rome with a sizable army and an assembly of nobles. Everyone came out to greet him, big parade. A diplomatic mission?

A word is half the sender, and half the receptor Free Essays

Today, more than ever, language is an integral part of our existence and survival. We depend on it to think and communicate on a day to day basis from person to person. Language as a basic communication takes the form of: sender, message and receiver, and is said to be highly specialized and sophisticated. We will write a custom essay sample on A word is half the sender, and half the receptor or any similar topic only for you Order Now Language allows us to communicate an infinite variety of messages; indeed, sometimes messages are unclear or vague because both the sender and receiver might not have the exact same understanding of their language. This last problem of communication that is unclear or vague is one that results from the use of words for which the range of application is not clear. One could also say that something which is vague is that which lacks precision. This type of vagueness results from statements or words which are not quantifiable and therefore lead to misunderstandings between the sender and the receptor. Montaigne said something very true about the term ‘word’ as it is very difficult to define. To start, what is a word? What is the definition of the term word? All these deceptively simple questions have led to debate among linguists. At its most simple, according to David Crystal, a word is â€Å"a unit of expression which has universal intuitive recognition by native speakers†. However, a word is so much more than that: a word has to be imaginarily divided into the person who say it and into the person that receives it because these two individual members of communication have their own way to interpret what is the idea within that precise word. In order to know the exact meaning of the term ‘word’ we have to take into consideration the fact that some words have a denotation and several connotations. A denotation is the primary or ‘dictionary’ meaning; what the word describes precisely, no more no less. On the other hand, a connotation is the ‘added value’ to a word; what it implies; what is associated or attached to it by society and/or the individual. Some words, for example expressive words, have much more connotation because they create feelings and atmosphere. The term ‘apple’ denotes more than the term ‘food’, and yet the term ‘food’ connotes more than the term ‘apple’. There are some factors that affect the connotation of a word. For example, the term ‘weekend’ has lots of connotations and these will vary depending on the receptor’s age, sex, social class, personal interest, past experience, etc. A 16 year old girl can associate the term ‘weekend’ with: party, friends, cinema, relax, sleep more, have fun; while a 50 year old man who owns a restaurant will associate the term ‘weekend’ with: more customers, more work, more stressful, higher incomes for the company and less time to relax. Communication, that is the â€Å"system of verbal gestures by which a speaker points out a reality to a listener†, requires that the two parties involved have a similar understanding of the language. Such a problem arises when two people speak a different language, but the same thing can occur on a smaller scale if people have a slightly different understanding of the same language. This is because we unconsciously assume that the other person (the receptor) is identical to us in their use of language. This often is as a result of a sender and a receiver (or writer and reader where it happens these same sort of confusions because of misunderstanding of message by problems with their language) who use certain words in a different manner. It is necessary, for communication not to be impeded, that the second individual has the same understanding of a word as the first. That is why it can be said that a word is half the sender and half the receptor as both of them have their own way of interpreting the word and also their own way of recreating it by its meanings in their minds, by all the factors mentioned above. To conclude we can say that language is our most important tool in communication and thus must be employed in order to interact with each and everyone who surrounds us. If it were not employed, communication would be hindered, delayed or even blocked, to a far greater degree than it is due to the problems such as misunderstanding, vagueness or the fact that words have different connotations to everybody. It should be the aim of everyone to, when possible, avoid these problems. The result would be language which is far clearer, precise, and less confusing, that will help both the sender and the receptor in order to transmit a more concrete message and therefore understand themselves in a more optimal way. Language free of most problems would make it an even greater tool, effectively improving the communication between persons and developing better understanding and knowledge through this communication. How to cite A word is half the sender, and half the receptor, Papers

Statistics and MBA

Question: Discuss the use of statistics and the concepts required in the job and educational requirements for this job. Answer: A biostatistician was interviewed to get an idea about the use of statistics in his field. He had joined a company as a biostatistician recently. He wished to survive through this job before pursuing doctorate in biostatistics. The following interview questions were asked to him and his responses were as follows: Use of statistics and the concepts required in the job Biostatistics is the subject where biological events and factors are analysed statistically. Various statistical methods are also used to design different kinds of biological experiments in medicine, agriculture, pharmacy, etc. Descriptive statistical methods like mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and variance, coefficient of variation, skewness and kurtosis are used to analyse the biological data initially and find out the basic qualities of the data. Statistical charts are also used to know the measures of dispersion and central tendency of the data. Designing of models with the biological data are an important part of biostatistics (Forthofer Lee, 2014). Designing models helps to know the form of the data and the influence of factors on each other. ANOVA, ANCOVA, etc. models are used to design the data and analyse them. Fitting of the model is an important part of biostatistics. The fitted model would help to predict the future values of the biological events. Example of the use of statistics and its usefulness in improving a practice or service. An experiment was conducted to know how the occurrence of certain disease does is influenced by the lifestyle, blood group and previous history of the disease. A survey was conducted to know about the patients having the specific disease or those who had the disease. The data was collected from various hospital records. Descriptive analysis was initially done on this data to know about the basic qualities of the data (Kramer 2012). Hypothesis was set accordingly to justify the desired problem. Hypothesis testing and statistical tests like f-test, t-test and ANOVA would be done accordingly and conclusions would be drawn to identify the influencing factors. This would help to develop the medicines and treat the patients in future. Educational requirements for this job (statistical and other requirements) Basic knowledge about statistics is required to get a job of biostatistician. Knowing the basics of probability and statistics and the methods of testing and inference would help to land in such a job. Knowing the biology well is a very important criterion to be a biostatistician. One should have a postgraduate degree in biology and he should have special paper as statistics and probability in his post graduation to be a biostatistician (Motulsky, 2013). Recommendation to study statistics by today's college students It is recommended to study statistics by the college student in todays world. This is because statistics is used widely in every field in modern days world. It helps to predict the future by analysing the past data. This would help to predict a better future and eradicate the past issues (Wassertheil-Smoller, 2013). From the interview, a vast knowledge on the methods of application of statistics in biology could be known. The most interesting and surprising part of the interview was that statistics was widely used in biology. References Forthofer, R. N., Lee, E. S. (2014).Biostatistics: A Guide to Design, Analysis and Discovery. Elsevier. Kramer, M. S. (2012).Clinical epidemiology and biostatistics: a primer for clinical investigators and decision-makers. Springer Science Business Media. Motulsky, H. (2013).Intuitive biostatistics: a nonmathematical guide to statistical thinking. Oxford University Press, USA. Wassertheil-Smoller, S. (2013).Biostatistics and epidemiology: a primer for health professionals. Springer Science Business Media.